Tuesday, March 19, 2019

The Things That Medical School Won't Teach You (10): [Good] Leadership

"Thrown under the Bus" by Jason Jones
My (Kenyan) medical internship was a treasure trove of experiences, and thus on this fine day we will be revisiting one of those many formative experiences.
So I'm in the Obs/Gyne department (little surprise), and it was one of our elective theater days (either Monday or Thursday if memory serves me right), and I was assisting a consultant as he performed a TAH (aka Total Abdominal Hysterectomy). We've gotten through the relevant set of procedures, cut what needs cutting, and tied off any bleeders that need to be tied off. All this was done with very little blood loss all around.

So, now comes the moment of truth. Patient has been adequately hydrated by the anaesthetists and it's time to make sure that the patient is able to produce urine. So the patient gets a dose of a diuretic (Lasix/Furosemide), and we keep our eyes on the catheter that's been shoved up their urethra waiting to see some magic happen. Unfortunately, after about 10 minutes of watching, nary a drop of urine has collected in the urine bag. Basically, my consultant ended up tying up the patient's ureters during the procedure - the most common complication your medical school teachers would warn you about concerning this procedure.

So, it's back to the drawing board, or the chopping block as luck would have it. We proceed to backtrack trying to figure out at which point the ureters have been tied, and undo the damage. What should have been a 1 - 2 hour procedure ended up being a 5 hour long procedure with not so much as a break taken in-between; however, we came out of it thinking that we had at least salvaged the situation.

We skip forward to her time in the ward, and it becomes painfully obvious that the patient still isn't out of the woods. Her urine still isn't making it through the catheter, but, it is now draining through the incision scar in her abdomen. On the one hand, we're glad that she won't be developing kidney failure; on the other hand, we still have a veritable mess and our patient's dressing and bedding keep being stained with urine.

Worst of all was my consultant's decision to go AWOL and leave me "holding the hot potato". Imagine having to explain that stuff to the patient and her exasperated relatives day in and day out. At this point, the consultant is only addressing the issue via phone conversations with me. Eventually, plans ended up being made to transfer her to a bigger hospital to address the issue, but then some haggling over the issue of footing the ambulance bill to get her there broke out and threatened to lengthen her stay at our hospital. I don't remember how things finally got sorted out, but eventually she left, and I had never been so glad to see a patient leave.

Medicine in its most classical form is learned through apprenticeship. Some teachers might go a bit overboard with the "See one, do one, teach one" approach to learning procedures, but at the end of the day you need to be learning the nitty-gritty from someone else. With that in mind, when you're starting out you benefit from having a good leader who can impart useful knowledge, teach you the complexities of patient care, and even act as a mentor. Some of these people will actually sway you towards choosing which field to specialize in if you come into the game unsure of which direction you feel called in.

However, as I was recently reminded by a friend of mine, a "God Complex" almost certainly seems to be associated with doctors. I did take some time to correct the misconception though; just like I had been reminded by my friend Javed (circa Wenzhou, 2007), people have multiple reasons for choosing to become doctors. The way he broke it down for me, there were basically about 10 reasons, but the more common ones (of the top of my head) are as follows:
  1. Prestige
  2. Feeling called to help in society
  3. Prior interaction with medical professionals due to your own/relative's illness
  4. Money
  5. Following in a parent's footsteps.
If "Prestige" is someone's driving force, you shouldn't really be surprised if patients, colleagues and juniors end up being used like mere stepping stones. You've probably been in the presence of doctors who made you feel like they were only interacting with you for the purpose of making a pay cheque - unnecessary tests, needlessly excessive repeat appointments, excessive medication, aggressively scheduling you for surgical procedures, etc. If we are looking to put a dent in your wallet, or take advantage of your insurance, many are the ways that we could make that happen. Truthfully, any doctor worth their salt should be able to explain their reasoning and justification for everything they subject you to, and you can always seek a second opinion if you're not convinced.

Medical school does not endeavour to develop people's character. They might sneak in an Ethics class or two, but character formation is really up to the individual and those that you choose to mentor you. So when it comes to "God Complexes", that was probably the default baseline setting of the respective individual. They would have ended up being a difficult lout regardless of whether they had chosen Business, Engineering, Politics, Fashion or Teaching.   

I have interacted with many doctors in my time who were very humble and willing to show me the ropes. My most vivid memory was working with Dr. Onkunya who showed me how to perform an excision of a breast fibroadenoma when I told him I had never performed one before. It was my first day in the Casualty, and one of my initial interactions with Dr. Onkunya, and I really didn't know what to expect. Fortunately, he was so concise and precise about the whole thing, and encouraging as he tutored me such that I was able to flawlessly replicate his technique and perform the next one on my own, and eventually teach the technique to others.

Unfortunately, I have also interacted with a lot of doctors that are a disservice to the profession. Some doctors merely see the practice of medicine as a power play and a chance to browbeat you into submission. You'd think you were in a boot camp, and they were drill sergeants. These doctors are usually short-tempered, prone to chastising and insulting you at the drop of a hat. Learning from them is also a task as they can opt to show you up in public (among your colleagues during ward rounds), and without remedying your ignorance, simply tell you to go read a book. Seems like their amount of bravado is inversely proportional to their actual skill. These doctors encourage you to basically hide your imperfection and basically "fake it till you make it", which, in light of rampant medical errors and malpractice, is about the worst thing you could ever do. Even at a basic level, doctors are tasked with repairing/fixing the human body and its processes after things have obviously gone awry; and we are expected to do it to such an extent - whether by surgery or drugs, physical therapy, etc - that the verisimilitude would approach that of a normal functioning body. You can't really fathom how much things can go wrong until you have to "undo" the work of one of your colleagues. This could range from poorly placed implants, poorly sutured wounds, erroneous drug prescriptions, missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses, etc.

A good practitioner will teach you to own up to your mistakes early, and to fix them as soon as possible; if that entails getting help, then get the aforementioned help; in retrospect, my Obs-Gyn consultant did just that - I just wish he had had the guts to actually talk to the aggrieved family face-to-face. A poor practitioner, however, is likely to be averse to admitting fault and/or blame others or systems for their failings. When that happens, you best be prepared to have yourself thrown under the bus for someone else's follies. I remember so vividly being tossed under the bus by my Director of Medical Services last year for something that was obviously a systemic issue that stemmed from poor management practices at the hospital, one of which they immediately course-corrected after this particular misfortune. (I cannot divulge any further information because that specific case might be undergoing some active litigation). If you haven't been thrown under the bus a couple of times in your career, then you've probably had a hallowed existence...like a unicorn. Since it is such a common evil, you should make it a point to cover yourself accordingly:
  1. Document, document, document!  (Rule of thumb: if it isn't written down, assume it wasn't done!)
  2. Be careful about anything that you end up signing
  3. Be careful about being sent to witness a post-mortem. If litigation ensues (and court cases can last a really long period - years), you will find yourself sitting in court because of just one case.
  4. Don't assume that the hospital has your back during a court case. It would be great to assume that this great community of individuals that you spend so much time with is your family, but such sentiment can turn in a minute. Distinguish yourself as a consummate professional, but always remember, "it's everyone for him/herself and God for everybody!" 
On a more positive note, remember that the vast majority of doctors actually joined the service for more philanthropic reasons. In a world this crazy, there are still good people trying to make things work; and the best of them can teach all these skill and experiences, and can inspire a whole host of people in the process.

As a parting shot, I remember that during my pre-internship at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), an Obs-Gyn consultant was walking though the maternity ward, and he was giving this rousing speech in order to let people know what was up. Can't remember most of it, but this little snippet (paraphrased) stuck in my mind,
"We are here to do a job. If you do not know what needs to be done, kindly make yourself known to us so that you can be taught what that involves; but if you feel like you don't need to know, then keep yourself out of our way so that we can still do effective work"
Very blunt and straight to the point! This hallowed profession demands that we always propel it forward, and check ourselves if our egos or other shortcomings are an impediment to its practise. We should remember that we are called upon to lead, as much as to be led. Therefore, invest yourself in learning to lead as much as you hit the books to improve your skills; and always remain teachable - the effort will never be wasted.

God Bless.

 

Thursday, March 14, 2019

Captain Marvel: "Spoiler Free" Review


The Captain Marvel character is something of an enigma, having a complex history that has involved many different characters inhabiting the role, and let's not forget that little Marvel-DC tussle over the rights to use the name (The DC character "Shazam" who has a new movie coming up was for all intents and purposes known as Captain Marvel, but they switched his name to Shazam as of the New-52).

This version of Captain Marvel (aka Carol Danvers) was initially known as Ms. Marvel, receiving her powers from the original Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell), and has a very interesting history that intimately includes the X-Men character Rogue.


Anyway, nostalgia aside, the Marvel team has made some changes to her already pre-established history in order to bring her into the MCU. The story is a non-linear affair, basically starting off in her time spent among the Kree. Suffering from amnesia concerning most of her life - save for a few segments she glimpses in recurring dreams - she is trained to be a member of StarForce (which just happens to include a Pre-Guardians of the Galaxy (GoTG) Korath, reprised by Djimon Honsou). It is during one of her missions that she encounters the Skrulls, a race of shape-shifting aliens, who happen to have more than a passing interest in the fledgling Kree soldier whose past may pose some special significance for their futures.

As far as non-linear histories go, this one isn't too hard to follow. Pretty quickly she ends up thrust into 90s-era Earth, and runs across Pre-MCU versions of Nick Fury and Phil Coulson (wonderfully and seamlessly de-aged for this movie). Amid the throwbacks to that era, she has to make sense of her past memories, come to terms with her unexplained and mysterious powers, and basically figure out what her place is in this universe.

The look of this movie is a bit different from other MCU movies; I think this is as a result of the 90s aesthetic, and the fact that this is all happening pre-MCU (the only prior glimpses we've had of that thus far have been from Peggy Carter's initial SHIELD adventures). This makes for an interesting dynamic. One pleasant surprise occurs at the very start of the movie. The current Marvel Logo Intro consists wholly of Stan Lee imagery. It was a beautiful dedication to a wonderful icon.

As far as origin stories go, this is not one of the MCU's strongest efforts. As Marvel builds up this character as probably its most powerful superhero in the MCU, with a big stake to play in the upcoming Avengers: Endgame, they definitely have to present her history to us to at least get us invested in the character. Brie Larson is serviceable as the character, building up quite a good rapport with Nick Fury that makes this play out like a "Buddy-Cop" film. The addition of Goose, the orange tabby cat, will definitely be a treat for movie lovers. He actually has quite a fleshed out role in this movie (one of which will likely produce a what-the-hell-were-they-thinking moment for many a movie fan), and it will be great to see how the MCU uses him in future installments.

The movie producers play it by the numbers, ticking off respective checkboxes for building up this portion of the MCU, but there is something seemingly "alien" about this effort; don't get me wrong, I see none of the feminism that was supposedly meant to make this movie a "Social Justice Warrior"(SJW) darling; rather, it feels like the stakes aren't that high in the end. There's a segment with a Pre-Guardians of the Galaxy (GoTG) Ronan the Accuser - reprised by Lee Pace - but even he is unable to breath more depth or risk into this movie.

Marvel has taken a non-traditional route in covering Captain Marvel's story, and this leaves me optimistic that there is a lot to mine in this vein in order to give us compelling stories. They've also provided surprises aplenty that might digress from the lore of other characters, and I would love to see how that plays out.

When all is said and done, it's a good-looking movie, but it would definitely have benefited from a more invested story.

I unequivocally  give this movie a B-, but that still shouldn't stop you from checking it out.
God Bless

P.S: How on earth is Djimon Honsou being allowed to do all this Marvel-DC crossing over?     

Wednesday, March 6, 2019

The Music of Hans Zimmer and James Newton Howard: Batman Begins Soundtrack


Christopher Nolan's Dark Knight Trilogy has earned much praise for the amount of realism that it was able to inject into the iconic character of Batman. Don't get me wrong, I grew up on Tim Burton's Batman and Batman Returns, and these were both great takes on Batman lore. Batman Forever (sans Jim Carrey's overacting) is also an enjoyably watchable movie. Unfortunately, Joel Shumacher took the comic gimmick to ultimate extremes with Batman & Robin. Batman Begins thus served as a course correction.

In my opinion, Batman Begins is the best installment in the whole trilogy because it shows Nolan's most seamless uncluttered vision for the project. The Dark Knight might have wowed us with an incredible joker, but it also offered us a terrible Rachel Dawes whom I was overjoyed to see killed off in the same installment. The Dark Knight Rises was a travesty and a cash-grab, worst entry in the trilogy hands-down.

As I've mentioned on more than one occasion, the musical score of a movie is in itself a character within the movie. This score was a collaboration by Hans Zimmer and James Newton Howard with Zimmer taking care of scoring the action scenes and Howard scoring the emotional scenes. Initially Zimmer may have come under fire for not using elements of Danny Elfman's score for prior Batman movies, but I can't argue with the finished product.

There is something somewhat "industrial" about some of the music. The heroic theme "Molossus", which plays when Bruce suits up for action, is one such example of this; set to a rapidly pulsing drumbeat that sounds like the heart of a gigantic mechanical beast (that meshes well with the "Tumbler"), it also consists of quickfire strings that are used to convey a sense of urgency. Some tunes are also rather "airy": the very first track, "Vespertilio" mimics the sound of Batman unfurling his cape. The effect is used on other occasions to make us feel like we're in the depths of a cave, or within the recesses of "the Narrows", the seedy underbelly of Gotham.

"Nycteris" sounds like something from a James Bond-esque movie, and it should really because it matches up with a very "Q" type of moment when Lucius Fox leads Bruce Wayne through R&D, showing him the ins and outs of the armoury. Portions of some songs trail of into the most dissonant weird sections in order to mimic the effects of the Fear Toxin or as a representation of the villainous Scarecrow.

"Lasiurus", which is the last track, is probably what I would classify as Ra's Al Ghul's theme. It is a sombre piece that enlightens the moment in which Ra's teaches Bruce about the nature of criminals, and the League of Shadows. It perfectly signifies the heavy loss that is at the heart of this dark character, which becomes the driving force for his resolution to enforce balance by any means necessary.

The heart and soul of this movie is the elegiac Wayne Theme sprinkled in multiple songs but chiefly found in "Macrotus" and "Corynorhinus". Corynorhinus is remarkable for having the most beautiful intro of this particular theme; Macrotus, on the other hand, is the full examination of the theme. Starting off beautifully with a melodic string portion playing a very striking opening motif, then sinks into the theme proper, and at the midway point it slows down and acquires that "airy" tone I previously spoke off, perhaps harkening back to "the Narrows"; then with a lick very much reminiscent of The Lord of the Rings (Sauron-esque), it segues into the Adversity Theme - a booming brass section that conveys the very insurmountable weight of Gotham's problems, and the arduous task of trying to fix it. A choir boy's shrill voice then pierces the background, and provides a scaffold for the strings section to be built upon. The piano then leads us back into the beautiful Wayne Theme motif, joined in by strings and the brass, and buoyed by that haunting shrill voice. The song then slowly winds down as the brass section crescendos.

One piece that they failed to name (nor does it appear in the score) makes a very prominent appearance during the burning down of Wayne Manor at the 2:21 - 3:57 mark. (prior to that, you can definitely notice Lasiurus playing).

 


The same unnamed tune is also part of the final credits suite and is an action-oriented version of the Wayne Theme. It's a pity that they omitted it from the score, but fortunately you can still get it on Youtube.

As far as soundtracks in this trilogy went, this eclipsed all other entries, and is the most emotionally vibrant of them all. The Dark Knight's soundtrack is particularly unpleasant to listen to because the grating strings that are used for the Joker's theme are like nails on a chalkboard; they may be fine for adding suspense within the context of the movie, but the music cannot be enjoyed on its own; and as for the Dark Knight Rises, it's all Zimmer with none of Howard's redeeming qualities.

Take some time to listen to this wonderful soundtrack and bask in its beauty. I recommend starting with Corynorhinus, Macrotus and Lasiurus.

God Bless

Tuesday, March 5, 2019

Driving Peeves




Driving in Kenya really isn't for the faint of the heart. Between the roads, motorized vehicles and pedestrians, circumstances conspire to give you an enraging experience on a regular basis. Matatus are obviously top on my list in terms of irritants with their devious ways, but it seems like everyone and anything can ultimately surprise you at any time. Here's just a list of some of my current peeves

  1. Matatus stopping on the road
    This literally just happened to me today: I'd just made it up a precipitous hill, and was balancing my car as I waited for my chance to branch right onto the road. A matatu driver pulls off to my side of the road to drop people, blocking my view of oncoming traffic! It's hard enough trying to balance a manual car up a hill that steep, and be able to get enough thrust to gun it; however, doing this without a clear view of oncoming traffic (sometimes very fast approaching) is insane!

    Somewhere along the line, it became acceptable for matatus to just stop in the middle of the road, park on the side road preventing you from merging onto a road, or even just pull off ever slightly off the road but have enough of the vehicle jutting onto the road to cause some concern (or even an impending accident).
  2. Grandfather with wheelbarrow on the road
    This particular entry is so specific, I just had to highlight it. The other day as I was driving to Kiserian, this (perhaps senile) old man was just standing square on the edge of tarmac in my lane, and he was just totally oblivious. There was an oncoming car in the opposite lane, and I'm pretty sure if I'd driven on I would've hit the man. I actually had to come to a complete standstill, wait for the other vehicle to pass, then maneuver past the idiot. I pray that he learns better road etiquette or he won't have many more days on this earth with that kind of behaviour.
  3. Pedestrians crossing at idiotic places
    I have previously been accused of being very hard on pedestrians, perhaps signifying that I am a vehicle-snob. Granted, most of Kenya is a walking-nation (I would actively eschew driving for a walk or a decent bus ride), but none of that excuses rank idiocy on the roads. I once drove through Kawangware (hopefully never again), and it was a nerve-racking experience trying to steer clear of pedestrians who'd invade the road any chance they got.

    The sheer lunacy from pedestrians is mind-boggling. Some people have gotten into the habit of pointing their open palms at you to stop as if they're the police; others simply walk so slowly once they plant their feet onto the tarmac, it's as if they assume they have bragging rights to the road. I once saw a man walk directly into a roundabout (with freely flowing traffic mind you) in much the same way that a car would!

    Some of these pedestrians are just begging to get hit. Sad reality is that people think that if you hit them you owe them a ride to the hospital, and a responsibility to pay for all their medical procedures. If only people really understood the amount of convalescence and rehab associated with ghastly road accidents (in addition to expenses and lost productivity time), they might try to be more careful on the roads. I feel sad for all the children who have to learn to cross roads from these obviously deficient adults, because they'll end up making the same mistakes
  4. Poorly marked/maintained roads
    It always astounds me how many bodies are charged with taking care of our roads, but then they seemingly can't get some simple things fixed. It's already a nightmare driving on roads with people from oncoming traffic veering into your lane on occasion, but this is magnified further by failing to mark roads with the occasional fresh coat of paint.

    Then there are those times when you encounter massive potholes that are literally craters. Sometimes you just find yourself waiting for the other shoe to drop, because in the back of your mind you're pretty sure that the pothole will undoubtedly end up being a "widow-maker". Don't the employees of these road maintenance bodies drive through these very roads everyday?

    With all the money we pay in form of taxes (particularly those tacked onto already inflated fuel prices), you'd think that we could get well marked and maintained roads. This isn't brain surgery!
  5. Non-standardized bumps
    I remember that while I was learning to drive in the US, when it came to something like honking/hooting/beeping it was understood that it was something you did to warn people; thus it need not be used punitively. I imagine the same principle stands for putting bumps on the road. I can't understand why for the life of me some of the bumps on the road are erected so tall; there are some bumps so high, that they scrape the base of your car on the regular. Then there are those irritating bumps which you have to slow down to a measly 8 km/h to climb them, or face the prospect of a jolt in your ride.

    This, however, isn't the norm; there are some elegantly designed sections of road (both old and new) that get their bumps right. As a plus, they actually mark them so that you can be aware of the bumps much earlier. Can't we just aim for the best standards in our roads instead of playing russian roulette with quality?
  6. People not using their turn signals appropriately
    Sometimes I wonder how many people actually passed their driving tests without having to pay a bribe to get the requisite pass. According to the way some people drive, you'd think that turn signals are just an unnecessary accessory on their vehicles. Many a time, I've had to employ defensive driving because someone randomly just slows to a complete standstill without any warning; there is nothing more insulting than seeing them then turn on their turn signal, as if that was enough prior warning that you required. Worse still, there are people who would never make any indication at all
  7. People driving on unpaved shoulders
    Save for the few rains that have quenched the scorched earth in most of the country, it has been really hot and dusty outside. Of course I'd like to keep my windows open and soak up the breeze, but that becomes impossible when matatus, bike riders and cars resort to using unpaved shoulders to beat traffic. They kick up so much dust that is immediately suffocating, but ultimately also a nuisance because they make my car interior and exterior look like I've taken a drive through the Sahara.
  8. Impatient idiots
    Sunny Bindra once remarked that Kenyans talk so much about (traffic) jams that you'd assume that it was our staple food! Granted, we do spend a lot of time sitting in traffic jams, but nothing stirs up my gall more than watching drivers jump onto the oncoming traffic lane to avoid the jam. Sometimes they even end up making the situation worse. It's as if they think they're better or more intelligent than everyone else.

    You can add self-important politicians and like-minded individuals to the list. I long for the days long gone of President Moi when there were minimal motorcades on the road. Nowadays you could even see run-of-the-mill diplomats with chase cars, and they're driving on the wrong side of the road. If our politicians don't have the decency to fix the underlying causes of the traffic jams (very well within their domain of responsibility), then by God they should have the decency to sit in traffic jams like the rest of us.
  9. Roundabouts
    Lord knows I didn't get much experience with roundabouts during driving lessons, but with a little practice and attention to the rules it's a skill that you can easily acquire. I do have an issue with the people that don't understand that you can't use the 1st lane (right outermost lane) to make a 270 or 360 Degree turn about the roundabout. I almost had my car T-boned by someone as I was basically driving straight through the 2nd lane; similarly, my mother almost found herself between a rock and a hard place when her car was almost sandwiched between a lorry making such a maneuver in the 1st lane, and a bus in the 3rd lane. 
  10. Motorcycle (boda boda) riders riding aggressively
    As if it wasn't bad enough that a huge number of motorcycle riders are unlicensed and poorly taught, they have the gusto to ride extra aggressive on the roads. I recall that once I was driving in Kileleshwa, and this lorry driver gave me way so that I could merge onto his lane. Would you believe that NOT one, BUT two motorcycles (with passengers in tow) came up from behind me, and without slowing down squeezed into the small gap between myself and the lorry. If I hadn't slammed on the brakes, I'm pretty sure I would have crushed those people to death.

    Now I've been around an orthopaedic ward or two, and could regale you with the variations of fractures and soft tissue injuries that I've come across when it comes to boda boda riders. The worst thing about these injured riders is that their friends visit them while they're in hospital, see the horrific injuries, dastardly surgeries and long recovery times that their colleagues undergo, but learn nothing from the experience, and go on to perpetuate the carelessness.
I'm pretty sure there's more I haven't highlighted, but that's enough for now. Just better make sure you say your prayers before getting on these roads because it's the rule of the jungle on these streets.

Stay safe.